Do Americans Pay Taxes In Vietnam? The Real Answer for High Earning Expats

Most Americans living in Vietnam are getting it half right—and that’s risky.

You can’t just pick a tax home. You can’t just “use the FEIE” and call it done. If you’re a high-income American living abroad—especially in Vietnam—the real tax answer is more complex. Not because the rules are unclear, but because too many advisors still treat them as one-size-fits-all.

We’ve seen too many smart people pay too much, or worse, get it wrong and risk an audit. You don’t want to be one of them.

Let’s clarify how it really works.

You Are Taxed by the U.S., No Matter Where You Live

If you’re a U.S. citizen or green card holder, you owe taxes on your worldwide income. This doesn’t stop when you move to Vietnam, or anywhere else. The U.S. is one of the few countries that taxes based on citizenship, not residency.

What changes when you move is not your obligation—but your strategy.

Does Vietnam Also Tax You?

Yes—if Vietnam considers you a tax resident. Here’s how that’s defined:

You are a Vietnam tax resident if you:

  1. Stay in Vietnam for 183 days or more in a calendar year, or
  2. Have a permanent residence (like a house lease or ownership) and are present for any duration, even less than 183 days.

If either applies, Vietnam expects you to report and possibly pay tax on your global income. There are exclusions, exemptions, and planning tools—but the default is: both countries want their share.

If neither applies, you may be considered a non-resident—which limits Vietnam’s tax reach. But most Americans who live here full time meet the 183-day rule.

The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE): A Common Trap

The FEIE lets you exclude up to $126,500 USD (2024) of earned income from U.S. taxes if you meet either:

  • The Physical Presence Test (330 days outside the U.S. in a 12-month period), or
  • The Bona Fide Residence Test (live in a foreign country for a full tax year and establish residence).

But here’s the catch:

  1. The FEIE only applies to earned income (like salary or consulting). It doesn’t apply to investment income, rental income, capital gains, or business profits from a U.S. entity.
  2. It doesn’t exempt you from Self-Employment Tax, FATCA, or FBAR filings.
  3. Using the FEIE may disqualify you from claiming the Foreign Tax Credit—a better option for many high earners paying taxes in Vietnam.

In short: the FEIE is not a free lunch. For many six- and seven-figure earners, it’s the wrong tool.

Vietnam’s Tax on Foreign Income: Often Ignored, But Very Real

If you’re a Vietnamese tax resident, foreign income is taxable unless excluded under specific laws or treaties.

Examples of taxable foreign income include:

  • U.S. salary (if not taxed in the U.S. under FEIE)
  • Rental income from U.S. property
  • Dividends, interest, and capital gains from offshore investments

Vietnam tax rates for individuals:

  • Progressive from 5% to 35% on employment income
  • Flat 20% on business and contractor income
  • Varying rates on investment income depending on type and source

Vietnam has no comprehensive tax treaty with the U.S., but it does allow for some foreign tax relief. The rules are nuanced, and in practice, enforcement is evolving—but don’t assume it won’t apply.

FATCA, FBAR, and U.S. Compliance Still Matter

Even if you’re fully compliant in Vietnam, you must still file and report to the U.S. The two big acronyms:

  1. FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act):

    • Requires foreign banks to report U.S. account holders.
    • If you hold more than $200,000 in foreign assets (single) or $400,000 (joint), you must file Form 8938.
  2. FBAR (Foreign Bank Account Report):

    • Must be filed if your foreign bank accounts total $10,000 USD or more at any point in the year.
    • This is separate from your tax return. Failure to file can result in massive penalties.

If you hold shares in a Vietnamese company, own foreign mutual funds, or operate through offshore trusts or entities, further reporting applies (Forms 5471, 8865, 3520, etc.). These are not optional. Get them wrong and the penalties can dwarf the taxes.

Structuring Options: What the Wealthy Actually Do

Here’s what we often see from informed clients:

1. Bona Fide Residence + Foreign Tax Credit (FTC)

For those genuinely living long-term in Vietnam, claiming FTC often yields better results than the FEIE. It lets you:

  • Offset U.S. tax with Vietnamese taxes paid
  • Avoid complications with retirement plan contributions
  • Still claim U.S. benefits, if needed

2. Vietnamese Company Ownership with Profit Extraction

Owners of local or regional businesses often:

  • Draw modest salary (to minimize personal tax)
  • Retain earnings in the company
  • Use tax-deferred strategies (e.g., life insurance, offshore structures) for legacy or reinvestment

3. U.S. Revocable Trust or Offshore Holding Entity

When investments are cross-border, or heirs are not U.S. citizens, using a trust or foreign entity may:

  • Reduce U.S. estate tax exposure
  • Enable asset protection
  • Simplify multi-jurisdiction planning

Every structure has trade-offs. But these decisions should never be made in isolation. U.S. compliance must always be considered first—then local obligations like Vietnam PIT, reporting, and remittances.

Tax Planning Is Ongoing, Not One-Off

We’ve seen people make one-time decisions—like electing FEIE or setting up a Vietnam company—without understanding the long-term consequences.

  • What happens when you return to the U.S.?
  • How do you exit your company?
  • Will your kids inherit a tax mess?

Planning isn’t about minimizing tax today. It’s about controlling outcomes, preserving flexibility, and protecting your wealth across jurisdictions.

Bottom Line: Yes, Americans Pay Taxes in Vietnam—If They Do It Right

If you’re a high-earning U.S. expat living in Vietnam, you likely owe something to both countries. The goal isn’t to avoid—it’s to optimize.

There is no shortcut or “hack” that works for everyone. But there is a right approach for you.

If this is something you’re navigating, we’re available for a confidential conversation.

FAQs

1. Do US citizens have to pay taxes in Vietnam if they live there full-time?

Yes, if you’re in Vietnam more than 183 days or have a permanent residence, you’re considered a tax resident and may owe tax on global income.

2. Can I avoid paying US taxes by using the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE)?

Only partially. FEIE excludes some earned income but doesn’t cover investment income, business profits, or self-employment tax. It’s often not the best option for high earners.

3. What is FATCA and how does it affect me in Vietnam?

FATCA requires foreign banks to report U.S. account holders. If you have significant foreign assets, you must report them on Form 8938 and may face penalties if you don’t.

4. Does Vietnam and the U.S. have a tax treaty to avoid double taxation?

No. There is no comprehensive tax treaty. However, you can often use the Foreign Tax Credit to offset U.S. taxes with those paid in Vietnam.

5. What happens if I don’t file FBAR or FATCA reports?

The penalties are severe—up to $10,000 per non-willful violation or even more for willful failure. These filings are mandatory for qualifying accounts.

Sources

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